セル・オートマトンによる地下街の避難信頼性評価に関する一考察

概要

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Cellular automaton simulation was performed for a study case in which fire occurs at Umeda underground arcade in Osaka city. In the simulation, pedestrian behavior was divided into 5 types, namely, normal, subordinate, slow, panic and needing assistance. In addition simulation parameters, such as, pedestrian viewpoint, evacuation behavior, objective, simulation time step and diffusion of smoke, were modeled. The aim of the present study is to define the risk factors during evacuation, and to propose the key factors concerning safety performance when designing underground malls under similar conditions as that of Umeda underground arcade. To define the ranks calculated reliability of evacuation is tried. Then, the performance matrix with reliability of evacuation by the simulation is applied at. In this study, the time slot in which evacuation is dangerous in case of fire was made clear together with studies carried out on the effects of the sign position on the reliability of evacuation in case smoke descends from the ceiling. In addition, the influence of the density of underground shopping malls pillars on the evacuation reliability was verified.