Electroanalytical Instruments for Industrial process streams
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概要
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Each year, new plants of the chemical industry are being developed and automatic operations of the chemical processes are being attempted. In the application of automatic process control to chemical processes, one of the most frequent problem encountered is the lack of suitable automatic chemical composition measuring instruments. Measure-nients of physical properties are frequently used as indications of chemical compositions, but in many cases this proves to be unsatisfactory, because the physical properties are too dependent on other factors. Thus means are needed which are more exclusively dependent on the component to be measured. The major advantages of the electroana.lytical method descussed in this paper would be the simplicity of the elements in the instrumentation, the suitablity to the trace analysis, and the fact that the method are more exclusively dependent on the component to be measured. The methods of electro-chemical analysis for plant services could be divided into four classes; (1) Amperometry and Polarography, (2) Potentiometry, (3) Conductimetry (including High Frequency Method), and (4) Coulometry. The principles of these methods are outlined and the typical applications of the methods are reviewed with some emphasis on author's contributions in the field. The typical applications descussed in this paper are summerrized as follows.Amperometry and Polarography i) Continuous analysis of trace copper in process liquor of electrolytic nickel metal industry. ii) Continuous analysis of sodium hydrosulphite in the reduction process liquor of dye chemical industry. iii) Continuous analysis of uranium in the uranium refining plant. iv) Trace oxygen analysis in some inert gases.Potentiometry: i) Chlorination process control using the reduction-oxidation potential measurements. ii) Electrometric pH value determinations using the glass electrode. iii) Batch-wise process titrator.Gonductimetry (including High Frequency Method): i) Detailes of the conductimetric salt analyzer. ii) Four electrode method in conductimetry. iii) Continuous determination using dielectric constant measurements for petroleum refining processes.Coulometry: i) Moisture monitor by use of the direct coulometry. ii) Continuous coulometric titration for styrene and aniline determination.
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