自発的交替とインダクション

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Previous studies have shown an induction phenomenon, i.e. a considerable decrement in the variability of behavior and a facilitation of its running response, in the semi-circular maze when reinforcement was presented after or between nonreinforced trials. The present series of experiments were designed to test whether or not a similar effect would be shown in a T-maze, and to determine what kind of stimulus was used as a cue for choice. For these purposes, percentages of spontaneous alternations and the running time were measured during the conditioning, extinction, and reconditioning periods.Experiment I: Thirty-three hungry rats were divided equally into three groups: Group 0, Group 11, Group 41. After exploration and pretraining, all Ss were given 11 successive free-choice trials per day for 4 days in the T-maze (the conditioning period). All choices were rewarded during this period. On the following day, Group 0, Group 11 and Group 41 received 0, 11 and 41 successive nonreinforced trials respectively (the extinction period), and then all Ss were given 11 reinforced trials (the reconditioning period).The percentage of alternations was significantly higher than chance level during the conditioning period. However, the greater the number of nonreinforced trials during the extinction period, the significantly greater the decrement of alternation in percent and the facilitation of running time during the reconditioning period. From these results, it might be concluded that a similar induction phenomenon was found in the T-maze as was in the semi-circular maze.Experiment II: Eighteen hungry rats were divided equally into two groups (Group Exp. and Group Cont.). After exploration and pretraining, all Ss were given 11 successive free-choice reinforced trials per day for 4 days in a cross-maze with a black arm and a white arm (the conditioning period). On a half of any two consecutive trials, they started from the same starting boxes, and on the other half trials, they started from the opposite starting boxes. Immediately after 41 nonreinforced trials, Group Exp. was given 11 reinforced trials. The Group Cont. did not receive any nonreinforced trial. From the data on their spontaneous alternations, it would be concluded that Ss alternated their choices on the exteroceptive cues during the conditioning period. The Group Exp. showed the dramatic decrement of alternation in percent during the reconditioning period. Their choices were also based on the exteroceptive cues. The running responses of the Group Exp. during this period were significantly faster than the ones of the Group Cont..
公益社団法人日本心理学会の論文

自発的交替とインダクション

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