多様選択場面における条件づけ・消去・再条件づけの基礎的分析--半円型装置における行動の諸相-1-

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概要

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• The present experiment was designed to study the fundamental processes of during conditioning, extinction, and reconditioning in a semicircular maze. The maze had a spacious semicircular field and eight equal goalboxes. The floor was divided into 26 sections in order to count the number of traversings.After exploration and pretraining, eighteen rats were given twenty successive free-choice trials per day for seven days. Every choice was rewarded. The following two days constituted an extinction period of sixty trials per day. The next two days were a reconditioning period, when reward was reintroduced into all goalboxes. A reextinction period was followed on next day.Two groups of measures were used. The first group of measures was related to behavior variability and consisted of four different measures. These were a distribution of the choices on eight goalboxes, a standard deviation of the choices, the ratio of the sum of spatial goal differences between two successive trials to the sum based on the chance expectancy, and the ratio to the chance expectancy corrected by the rat's actual choices. These measures were observed for each rat for each of twenty trials. The second group of measures consisted of running time, the number of sections traversed, the number of pushing (but not entering) the door of the goalboxes, and the number of jumpings to the wall of the maze.It was found that, 1) During the conditioning period, the the last two measures of behavior variability were higher than the chance expectancy and the same level continued for seven days. The tendency to avoid response repetition was shown in a form of gradient in terms of spatial distance between goalboxes. The second group of measures (running time etc.) decreased with the progress of conditioning.2) During the two-day extinction period, the behavior variability decreased to the chance level. The running time, the number of traversings and the number of pushings abruptly increased on the 6th to the 10th trials, and then latter two scores decreased to the initital level. The jumping response increased at the later period of extinction. These results may indicate that extinction is not merely a cumulative process of inhibition, but a more active process for all its phases.3) During the reconditioning period, the behavior variability decreased below chance and the running response was remarkably facilitated. Several posibilities in explaining this phenomenon were mentioned.

• 公益社団法人 日本心理学会の論文

著者

• 藤田 統

  東京教育大学

• 石原 静子

  星美学園短期大学

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