Synthesis of (S)- and (R)-3-hydroxy-4-butanolide and (2S, 4S)-, (2R, 4S)-, (2S, 4R)-, and (2R, 4R)-2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolide and their satiety and hunger modulating activities.

概要

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Two endogenous γ-lactones, 3-hydroxy-4-butanolide (1) and 2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolide (2) have been identified as substances that enhance, respectively, satiety and hunger by their effects on the feeding behavior and the central neurons of rats. To determine the stereochemistry of the physiologically active isomers, all the stereoisomers of these two lactones were synthesized and their effects on the feeding behavior and humoral factors were assessed by infusion into the rat third cerebroventricle. Among four isomers, (2S,4S)-2-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolide (2a) was most effective in elicitating the feeding and caused potent hypoglycemia with hyperinsulinemia. (S)-3-Hydroxy-4-butanolide (1a) suppressed the food intake more potently than the antipode and caused humoral responses reciprocal to those of 2a. From these facts, it was concluded that 1a and 2a are physiologically active forms for conveying intrinsic signals of satiety and hunger to neurons in the hypothalamus.