カドミウムの鶏胎仔に及ぼす影響について
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概要
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In order to study the influence of cadmium on chicken embryos, cadmium-administered chick embryos were studied macroscopically, histologically, and roentogenologically. Cadmium chloride and sulphate varying from 0.001 milligram to 0.05 milligram resolved in 0.05 milliliter of distilled saline were adoministered into embryos on the fifth day of incubation.<BR>The results were summarized as follows.<BR>1. The death rate and impaired growth of cadmium-adoministered chick embryos were found in high degree. As the concentration of cadmium was higher, so the rate of death and growth disturbance were increased. Cadmium chloride had severer effect than cadmium sulphate.<BR>2. Cadmium had the teratogenic effects in a broad sense. The main malformations were growth disturbance, tendency of edema, ectopia viscerum and parrot beaks. Nine out of 22 chickens could not stand up due to muscular spasm of lower extremities. These cases were more found in cadomium sulphate administered chickens.<BR>3. Increase of calcium and decrease of phosphate were recognized in the serum of cadmium-administered chickens. The value of p/ca was about one half of controls. This was more prminent in cadomium chloride-administered group.<BR>4. Cadmium was found to be evenly distributed throughout the body by isotope of cadmium-115 m and histological cadmium staining. The specific precipitation of cadmium to bones was not clearly discernible.<BR>5. In the femur and tibii of cadmium-administered chickens subperiosteal ossification, development of columnar zone, zone of preliminary calcification of trabeculase and formation of bone marrow spaces were late. Cellular distribution in bone marrow spaces was scanty and development of mesodermal hematopoietic cells was not good. Calcium deposition and the degree of the activity of glycogen were faint. The infiltrations of lymphoid cells was marked in the liver of cadmium-administered chickens as compared with controls, presumably due to increased extramedullary hematopoiesis. The number of nephrons was decreased in number. Irregular arrangement and vacuolar degeneration of epithelia were noticed in the distal convoluted tubules.<BR>6. From the above-mentioned results it may be well said that the disturbance of bone development is not due to the direct influence of cadmium to bones, but is related to the general calcium and phosphate metabolism.<BR>7. The toxicity of cadmium seems to depend upon the doses which were ingested and concentrated in chick embryos. And as the difference between the effect of cadmium chloride and cadmium sulphate were observed in this experimental study, the mechanisms among organic and inorganic forms of cadmium found in the natural world are supposed to be different.
- 昭和大学・昭和医学会の論文