三菱財閥から三菱グル-プへの移行過程--メンバ-企業統括の限界と商号・商標保全問題

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概要

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• After World War II, the dissolution orders of the zaibatsu was carried out by Occupation policy. In Mitsubishi zaibatsu, Mitsubishi-Honsha, which was a holding company, made efforts to maintain to control many operating companies in spite of its own dissolution. In zaibatsu, there used to be several kinds of committee, which were consisted of top managers and general managers among the holding company and operating companies. Mitsubishi-Honsha would continue to exist these committee informally even under the liquidation.<BR>But it had become impossible for Mitsubishi-Honsha to control operating companies, because all of them had became autonomous, independent companies owing to the dissolution of the holding company. For example, Mitsubishi Electoric Corporation carried out to revise wage system, without referring the matter to the general managers committee in advance.<BR>Each operating company did not always keep its own autonomy for others. In cases of emergency, they cooperated with others to dissolve the matter such as making stabilizing shareholders by mutual stock holdings. And it was also important for operating companies to preserve of the trade name and trade mark. Because Mitsubishi Shoji, which had preserved all of trade name and trade mark in Mitsubishi zaibatsu, was divided in many companies after the war, so there happened many troubles about them.<BR>Generally speaking, enterprise group has two factors such as top managers committee and mutual stock holdings. In case of Mitsubishi, top managers committee had been existing since before the war, differing from mutual stock holdings among operating companies after the war. So each of them had a different function, and top managers committee hardly had the function of large shareholders meeting in case of Mitsubishi in 1950's.<BR>The transfomation from zaibatsu to enterprise group in 1950's was represented as the changing of the position of operating companies. In zaibatsu, they were subject to the holding company formally. But in new enterprise group, all of them had became independent companies after the dissolution of the holding company. Therefore the function of top managers committee among members of the group had changed from the control operating companies by the holding company to the exchange of information and the interests coordination by members of operating companies.

著者

• 平井 岳哉

  千葉経済大学

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