斜面災害における地中水の集中流現象 (災害とその予測--第4紀研究の果たす役割<特集>)

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This paper discusses the mechanism of subsurface convergent flow on a slope from the standpoint of hydrogeomorphology and disaster science.The types of subsurface convergent flow can be divided as follows according to dominating causes:1. Topographical causes1-1 Hollow (Concavity), 1-2 Foothill2. Geological causes2-1 Basal zone of weathering or transported soil, 2-2 Boundary of layers with different permeability in bedrock3. Compound causesCombination of above causesThe author introduces some examples of flow traced to the above causes and discusses the hydrogeomorphological role of subsurface convergent flow in slope development.In addition, he conducted field experiments on the mechanism of subsurface runoff generation and subsurface erosion caused by the convergent flow. Observations indicated that the subsurface flow ratio inceased linearly and the start time of discharge generation was reduced as the experiment continued.These facts suggest that pores become enlarged by direct mechanical erosion and discharge of soluble products to form macro pores or soil pipes.The idea of "slope fatigue phenomenon" is also introduced based on the above-mentioned facts. This process is important because it enables us to estimate slope instabillity.
日本第四紀学会の論文