結核菌体成分Wax Dにより引き起こされる生体反応の解析
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概要
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Tubercle bacillus and its adjuvant-active component, wax D, are known to produce a typical epithelioid granuloma and an adjuvant arthritis in animals. Two different derivatives of wax D were prepared: AD 6 and a polysaccharide portion of wax D. AD 6 was prepared by acetylating wax D and subseueqntly fractionating it by silicic acid column chromatography. AD 6 was found to be active as adjuvant. However, it possesses neither antigenicity nor toxicity nor anti-complementary activity nor adjuvant arthritis-inducing capacity. The polysaccharide portion was prepared by saponifying wax D. This was found to be antigenic but avoid of an adjuvant effect. None of these substances could produce the adjuvant arthritis or epithelioid granuloma, when injected alone. However, when they were injected together, the adjuvant arthritis and epithelioid granuloma could be induced. These results suggest that both the adjuvant effect and antigenicity may be required for the development of these changes in tissue. An alternative interpretation was also discussed.<BR>In sensitization of mice with sheep red blood cells, the addition of adjuvant-active substances to the sensitizing antigen resulted in a highly significant increase in the size of plaques developed by spleen cells as measured by Jernes plaque technique. The increase in plaque size was found to be a good measure for the adjuvant effect of substances as represented by mycobacterial adjuvants, because the phenomenon was specific for the adjuvant effect, highly reproducible, sensitive and can be performed with a limited number of mice.<BR>The mode of action of immunological adjuvants was studied, using the ‘plaque size’ technique and purified mycobacterial adjuvants, wax D and AD 6. Data were obtained which suggest that wax D does not act directly on antibody-forming cells but on their precursors, causing the generation and/or proliferation of a special precursor cell designated as X. Memory cells generated in the presence of wax D were found to ‘memorize’ its adjuvant effect, while normal memory cells generating by the stimulation of antigen alone were refractory to the adjuvant effect. Thus, wax D caused a generation of a special memory cells designated as Y. It was thus strongly suggested that a special cell line X-Y-Z is generated and/or proliferated in the animal bodies which received the mycobacterial adjuvants along with antigen.
- 日本結核病学会の論文