遅延型過敏症と細胞内寄生性微生物

概要

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Cell-mediated immune reactions involve the interaction of sensitized. T-lymphocytes with their specific antigen and cell activation. The activated lymphocytes exert a direct cytotoxic action on cells with which they are in contact and release soluble mediators producing a variety of effects, both cytotoxic and stimulatory, on adjacent tissue. These include lymphotoxin, permeability factors, chemotactic factors for neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and other lymphocytes, factors affecting DNA synthesis and the proliferation of adjacent cells, activation factors for macrophages, interferon, pyrogenic factor, and transfer factor conferring specific reactivity on other lymphocytes. T-Iymphocytes appear to be heterogenous with respect to the identity and amount of the mediators they release. The resulting inflammation may therefore vary between pure lymphocytic infiltration with tissue destruction (as in some tumor immunity), macrophage infiltration and activation (as in most “delayed” reactions), predominantly basophilic or eosinophilic infiltrates (as in cutaneous basophil hyper sensitivity and the “retest” reaction), and plasmacytic infiltration. Macrophage activation is accompanied by enhanced destruction of intracellular microorganisms and appears to be the principal effector mechanism of immunity in such infections as tuberculosis and leishmaniasis.
日本結核病学会の論文