日本における非定型抗酸菌感染症の研究 (国療非定型抗酸菌症共同研究班1981年度報告) : <I>Mycobacterium kansasii</I>症の増加および感染菌種の多様化 (<I>Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum</I>感染症の出現)
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1. Since 1978, the prevalence rate of lung disease due to <I>Mycobacterium kansasii</I> in this country has been increasing and reached 0.32 per 105 population in the year 1981, although rate was as low as 0.11 or less before 1977. In contrast, the prevalence rate of lung disease due to <I>Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare</I> did not increase and remained at same level (1.19 per 10<SUP>5</SUP> population in the year 1981). The prevalence rate of lung disease due to all atypical mycobacteria in 1981 was 1.64 per 105 population. This was the same level as observed until now.<BR>2. The fraction of the <I>M. kansasii</I> disease in all mycobacterial diseases other than tuber culosis was less than 7% before 1977, while it increased to 19.4% in the year 1981. In Europe and in the United States of America, the fraction of the <I>M. kansasii</I> disease is about one half of all mycobacterial diseases. It is suggested that the incidence of the <I>M. kansasii</I> disease in Japan will increase until the level of Europe and the United States concurrently with decrease of the incidence of tuberculosis. It is sure that some people who have general or locally attenuated resistance show clinical manifestation when they are infected with atypical mycobacteria found in the environment. When the morbidity of tuberculosis is high, such people are most likely infected with tubercle bacilli, but when it becomes lower, they might be infected more easily by mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli.<BR>3. Appearance of lung disease due to <I>Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum</I> was observed in 1981. In addition, diseases due to <I>M. szulgai, M. scrofulaceum and M. fortuitum</I> were also observed in 1981. This phenomenon also may be explained by the decrease of the morbidity of tuberculosis.<BR>4. Geographic difference of the incidence of lung mycobacteriosis due to atypical mycobacteria was observed. As observed previously, the incidence was higher in the South Pacificcoast.<BR>5. The bed occupation rate of mycobacteriosis increased to 7.9% in 1981. The rate was 0.9% in 1971, 1.7% in 1974, 2.8% in 1975, 4.1% in 1977, 6.1% in 1979, and 6.9% in 1980.<BR>6. Sex and age of patients with atypical mycobacteriosis are shown.
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