ブドウさし木の品種間差異 (ブドウの発芽および生育に伴う枝条内貯蔵物質の利用に関する研究-1,2-)
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概要
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Hardwood cuttings of grape, Vitis labruscana BAILEY: cv. Niagara, Delaware and Campbell Early; and Vitis vinifera L.: Muscat of Alexandria and Neo-Muscat having a single mixed or compound bud were grown to examine the effects of different scion weights and leaf removal on the vine growth in normal sunlight during late winter and early spring.1 Hardwood cuttings of cv. Niagara weighing 2.5g and 5.0g at the time of planting under glass developed into vines having fresh current shoot weight of 0.77 and 1.38g, respectively. Callus formation and rooting were more stimulated in cuttings weighing 2.5g-than in 5.0g-ones, however, total root growth of the latter was superior to those of the former.2 The difference in the growth rate of shoot and flower clusters was compared using initial scion weight of 15g in Vitis labruscana (cv. Campbell Early and Delaware) and Vitis vinifera (cv. Neo-Muscat) grown outdoors. Final weight was heavier on Neo-Muscat vines than with those of Delaware and Niagara. On the contrary, the development of flower cluster in Neo-Muscat was poorest among three varieties, while that of Campbell Early was best. The ratio of flower cluster to current shoot weight per vine was highest in Campbell Early and decreased in the following order: Delaware and Neo-Muscat. Poor growth of flower cluster was seemingly correlated to vigorous shoot growth on Vitis vinifera vines.3 To assess the degree of internal competition for reserve materials by the vegetative and reproductive organs, defoliation experiments were conducted with the above varieties. Each vine was manipulated to a system simple consisting of one bud from which the basal cluster on each developing shoot was selected; the others being removed as soon as they appeared. In the case of Delaware grape the secondary cluster was left because the lowermost cluster was undeveloped. Flower set and final cluster size were approximately proportional to initial fresh weight of cuttings. Independent of cutting weight, flower cluster development of defoliated vines was superior to vines left intact, indicating a diversion of reserve foods to the remaining organs. However, this diversion was more marked in European than in American species. The development of flower cluster was proportionate to the degree of defoliation.
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