A Study on Premature Pollination of Fruit Trees

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In Japan, with increase of practical application of hybrid vigour in vegetable culture, a lot of investigations has been carried out with the object of avoiding trouble of bagging before pollination. Though the studies on premature pollination are rare with the plants other than vegetables, any saving of troubles in pollination is desirable not only in the case of heterosis application, but also in breeding or any work in which pollinations are carried out.This brief note is a summary of the work which has been studied by the writer last year on the bud pollination of Japanese persimmon, pear, plum and peach at the Horticultural Experiment Station of Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Okitsu, Shizuoka perfecture.In all the cases with exception of persimmon the buds which were expected to open on the following day were selected for bud pollination, but small number of younger buds might be also used in some case, especially in the case of plum, flower buds of which were small. With Japanese persimmon the bud pollinations were divided into two cases, pollination one day before opening and that two days beforeopening.(1) Japanese persimmonThe flowers of Fuyu were pollinated with the pollens of Zenjimaru. In comparison with mature pollination, the bud pollination two days before bloom reduced somewhat markedly both of set of seeded fruits and number of seeds contained in a fruit, but the bud pollination one day before bloom resulted in only slight reduction in these points. While the bud pollination two days before opening reduced the amount of seeds obtained more than 40 per cent, the amount of seeds obtained from the flowers pollinated one day before opening was 83 per cent of that obtained from the same number of flowers pollinated in bloom. This percentage is higher than any one which has been reported with vegetables, and may show that when the buds which will open on the following day are used, the bud pollination is one of practicable methods for reducing troubles of bagging in pollination.(2) Japanese pearThe flowers of Nijisseiki were pollinated with the pollens of Chojuro. With the pear the bud pollinations also reduced fruit set and number of seeds contained in a fruit, but these reductions were very slight. The amount of seeds obtained by bud pollination was 90.8 per cent of that obtained from the same number of flowers pollinated in bloom. With Japanese pear, therefore, the mature pollinations can be replaced with bud pollinations in such a work as breeding, as it is clear that avoiding trouble of bagging before pollination which is needed in mature pollinations, more than covers such a slight loss in the amount of seeds obtained.(3) With both of Japanese persimmon and pear the diminution effects of bud pollinations were severer on the average number of seeds per fruit than on fruit set.(4) PlumSordam* was pollinated with the pollens of Santa Rosa. In this case the bud pollinations resulted in a serious loss in fruit set showing that fruit set in the bud pollinations was more than 50 per cent less than that in the mature pollinations. There is, however, some doubt as to whether such is the case for the other varieties.(5) PeachThe variety Hakuto was used as a mother plant and two varieties of Tuscan and Phillips were used as a pollen plant. In the case of Hakuto pollinated with Phillips, fruit set was lower in the bud pollinations, whereas fruit set was higher in the bud pollinations in the case of Hakuto pollinated with Tuscan. This conflicting result might be due to the difference in vigour of the used trees of Hakuto, and needs a further investigation.
園芸学会の論文

A Study on Premature Pollination of Fruit Trees

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概要

園芸学会 | 論文

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