脂質の生命科学 : 細胞の分化と糖脂質の役割

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概要

• 論文の詳細を見る

• Glycosphingolipids(GSLs), which are amphipathic molecules composed of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties and synthesized by a group of Golgi enzymes, glycosyltransferases, are located almost exclusively on the outer leaflet of plasma membranes of mammalian cells in general, and have become known to show unexpectedly vast molecular heterogeneity due to the recent uncovering of extremely minor constituents by means of remarkable development of analytical methods, which include the immunochemical analyses using monoclonal antibodies highlyprogressed in recent years. Furthermore, GSLs have been considered to be involved in cellular interactions and cell growth regulations, changing characteristically their composition and biosynthesis during cell development, differentiation, and oncogenic transformation although they constitute only a small portion of the cell surface glycoconjugates. In addition, acidic GSL<SUB>s</SUB>, gangliosides, have been recently shown to exhibit special receptor-functions for exogenous, bioactive factors such as bacterial toxins, hormones, and interferons. GSL<SUB>s</SUB> are classified into three major molecular series, <I>i.e.</I> globo-, lacto-, and ganglio-type, according to their carbohydrate structures, and various cells and tissues have characteristic compositions and structural specificities as to their GSL<SUB>s</SUB>. We and other investigators have recently found that human and murine hematopoietic malignant cells show ganglioside profiles characteristic of their cell lineages and differentiation-stages, serving as complemental differentiation-markers for both normal and malignant hematopoietic cells, and further, discovered that particular ganglioside molecules themselves, which specifically increase during differentiation along particular cell lineages induced by a variety of chemical agents, exhibit remarkably potent differentiationinducing and growth-inhibitory activities on human myelog-hous leukemia cells. On the basis of these recent findings, some important biological functions of GSL<SUB>s</SUB>, especially sialoglycolipids, will be discussed in special reference to cell differentiation.

• 社団法人 日本油化学会の論文

著者

• 斎藤 政樹

  自治医科大学血液医学研究施設

• 斎藤 政樹

  自治医科大学血液医学研究部門造血発生

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