十勝地域の形成過程と中心集落 : 地域の動態的考察への一試論

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It seems to the present writer that the regional concept in the field of geography has remarkably developed in the recent 20 years. In Japan, however, there are not so many studies made on the formation and development process of nodal regions. The purpose of this study consists in reconstructing the process through which Tokachi (called Kasai until 1932) Sub-pref ectural Area has become “Tokachi Region.” For this purpose, special attention has been given to the relationship between the nodal region and the uniform one.The results of this research are summarized as follows.(1) The agriculture in Tokachi had already been restricted on bean production since around 1900, that is to say, since the beginning of land reclamation in Tokachi. In the circumstances of the bean boom caused by the World War I, Tokachi became a main area of bean production in Hokkaido, and such a status of Tokachi lasted until recently.(2) This characteristic of agriculture has been almost homogeneous throughout Tokachi, except its coastal area. Therefore it may be concluded that Tokachi Region has assumed a uniform character since the end of the Meiji era (around 1910).(3) Owing to the fact that the Sub-prefectural Office was established in Obihiro in 1897 and that in 1907 this town was connected by railway to Otaru and Sapporo, both of which were more developed, Obihiro became a dominant center in Tokachi Region. But on the other hand, Moyori (called Hiroo at present) and Ohtsu, historical port settlements, were left behind Obihiro, because they had no railway connections.(4) With the rapid growth of bean production, Obihiro became a center of the bean circulation, where many wholesalers dealing in fertilizers, agricultural implements and daily necessaries had long lived. Thus, so-called bean brokers emerged in Obihiro, who were in some cases wholesalers of other goods or landowners as well and whose influence was expanded throughout Tokachi. It was through this process that Tokachi Region as a uniform one acquired the nodal character.(5) The differentiation of central-place hierarchy took place approximately between 1920 and 1935, as a result of the following facts: (a) construction of the railway and establishment of the stations, (b) fixation of the location of town or village offices, (c) differentiation of hierarchy in the agricultural circulation system. This central-place hierarchy has continued to the present time on the whole.(6) As understood from these facts, Tokachi Region has been not only a uniform region but also a nodal one with its center, Obihiro, and is suitable to the name of “substantial region.”(7) In this paper, it proved obvious that the role of railway was of great importance to the formation of the. region. At least in such a newly developed district as Hokkaido, where in many cases railway was constructed before colonization, railway stations, together with village offices, often became a historical core of the central place. It is suggested that in such a district the function of the railway was not limited to passenger or goods transportation.Because of several restrictions, this report is confined to a sample study taking Tokachi Region as its field. Therefore, a general theory concerning with the relations between region formation and central places will only be formulated after studies having been made in other fields and after careful comparisons between those studies and the present one. The writer wishes to make it his prospective subject to form such a theory.
人文地理学会の論文

十勝地域の形成過程と中心集落 : 地域の動態的考察への一試論

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