住吉川扇状地域の変貌

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Analyzing the process of urbanization on and around the fan plain area of the Sumiyoshi river, Kobe City, various problems concerning cities are investigated. Formerly these problems were mostly studied from the side of their social function, considering them as a vessel to accomodate human beings. In this study of urban transfiguration, problems closely related to natural enviornment, especially to lanaforms aremainly studied.1) The Sumiyoshi River, located at the southern foot of the Rokko Mountains, is a typical raised bed river with its rapid flow and elevated river bed. The Sumiyoshi River frequently caused disastrous floods, and the space for men to live was severely limited.Until the middle of the Meiji era the swiftly flowing river water coming down the steep valleys at the foot of Rokko Mountain turned the water wheels for rice-flour mills, and underground water sources called “Miyamizu” at the lower edge of the fan plain area were ideal for brewing Sake. These indus-tries thus became the nucleus of villages established in the area.2) When the transportation was improved and railroads were constructed at the end of Meiji era, this area not really suitable for agricultural use was altered to a suburban residential region between big cities. Railroads passed through this area from east to wast along the contour fixed by the lands slope. This location of railroads controlled the regional structure of cities in the area.3) Relating the transfiguration of the Sumiyoshi River district to natural disasters, the first point to be taken into account is that many faults and shatter zones are found in the mountains behind this area.Furthermore, the weathered granite making up the mountain to a great depth contributed to disasters in the area in time of heavy rains. For instance, a disasterous flood occured in 1938, when the control of nature was insufficient compared to the development of residential areas, resulting in big landslides.By 1967 development was greatly advanced and the landform was thus altered considerably so that this area suffered from a typical urban disaster in that year, entirely different from those of the past. Thus disaster changes its cha-racter according to the urban development.4) The characteristics of the post-war urbanization of this area are the climbing up the terrace of the mountain sides for residential areas and the eastwest expansion connecting neighboring cities.From 1955, artificial landforms on a big scale appeared due to the alteration of the natural shape. Earth cut out from the mountain was used to create new land by filling in the sea along the coast. Housing developments in the mountain area amount to about 100ha. and newly created coastal areas total 425ha. from the first to the fourth districts and are used for industrial purposes. Such alteration of land surface will be continued in the future.And its scale will exceed by a large degree the partial interference in nature by men in the past. The rapidity of the creation of artificial landform is extraordinary compared to that when it occurs due to natural phenomena which mean that the unnatural space expands to the sea and mountains.5) In order to construct more comfortable cities it is necessary to investigate natural disasters and the alteration of the landform in the past.And, furthermore, the geographical study of artificial landform which has appeared quite recently on a large scale, is a very important task for the near future.
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住吉川扇状地域の変貌

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