Influence of Temperature on the Embryonic Development of the Europian Carassius, Carassius carassius (LINNAEUS)
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Soon after fertilization eggs of the Europian carassius, Carassius carassius (LINNAEUS), were put in 20 vials with water. Two of them were then placed in each of 10 compartments (Nos. 1-10) of a SENÔ-TAUTI'S serial incubator. They ran at temperatures differing from each other by nearly 2 degrees, No. 1 at the highest (31•5°C) and No. 10 at the lowest (11•8°C.). With a view to determine the effects of temperature variations on the developing eggs one of the two vials in each compartment was interchanged with the corresponding one in another, but the other vial in respective section was kept in situ as control. The interchange was made in 5 pairs, viz., No. 1 with No. 10, No. 2 with No. 9, No. 3 with No.8, No. 4 with No. 7, and No. 5 with No. 6. The results obtained may be summarized as follows:- 1) Water temperature for normal development of the eggs ranges from 15° to 25°C., the optimum for it being at about 20°C. 2) The relation between the temperature (θ) and time in days (T) required for the hatching of the eggs may be experessed, as given by HIGURASHI and TAUTI, by the formula Teaθ=constan in which a=0•11. The temperature coefficient for the embryonic development of the Europian carassius was found to be Q10=3•01. 3) Within the range of mean deviations 1•0°-9•8°C. in the series of temperatures 31•5-11•8°C., the larger the temperature deviation the less the hatch-rate of the fry and the less the time required for hatching. 4) TAUTI'S formula concerning the relation between the mean deviations of the water temperature (M) and time in days (TM) viz., T0/TM-1=a2/2M2where T0 is the time when M=O, holds true for the writer's materials with the values of the constants a=0•09. Q10 =2•46.
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