Influence of Temperature on the Embryonic Development of the Carp

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Soon after fertilization eggs of the Crucian carp, Cyprinus carpio, were put in 20 vials with water. Two of them were then placed in each of 10 compartments (Nos. 1-10) of a SENÔ-TAUTI's serial incubator. They ran at temperatures differing from each other by nearly two degrees, No. 1 at the lowest (11.0°C.) and No. 10 at the highest (30.2°C.). With a view to determine the effects of temperature variations on the developing eggs one of the two vials in each compart-ment was interchanged with the corresponding one in another but the other vial in respective section was kept in situ as control. The interchange was made in 5 pairs, viz., No. 1 with No. 10, No. 2 with No. 9, No. 3 with No. 8, No. 4 with No. 7, and No. 5 with No. 6. The results, obtaind may be summarized as follows: - 1) Water temperature for normal development of the eggs ranges from 15° to 30°C., the optimum for it being at about 20°C. 2) The relation between the temperature (θ) and time in days (T) required for the eggs may be expressed, as given by HIGURASHI and TAUTI, by the formula Teaθ=constant, in which a=0.09. The temperature coefficient for the embryonic development of the carp was found to be Q10=2.5. 3) Within the range of mean deviations 0.9-9.4°C. in the series of temperatures 11.0-30.2°C, the larger the temperature deviation the less the hatch-rate of the fry and the less the time required for hatching. 4) TAUTI's formulae concerning the relation between the mean deviations of the water temperatur (M) and timein days (TM) and that between the former and the percentage of the hatched fry ((N/N0)M) viz., T0/TM-1=a2/2M2, and (N/N0)M=(N/N0)0e-cM2 where T0 and (N/N0)0 are the time and the percentage when M=0 respectively, hold true for my material with the values of the constants c=0.0142, a=0.081, Q10=2.3.
社団法人日本水産学会の論文

Influence of Temperature on the Embryonic Development of the Carp

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