分散型空間価格均衡モデル--ワルラス均衡の存在と安定性について

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The classical spatial price equilibrium models of Takayama and Jadge was based on trade market of homogeneous goods with perfect information about prices and market, however, as pointed out by many recent literatures, the purchasers are usually spread over several supply regions because of product differentiation, imperfect choice heterogoneity, gravity-type trade models derived from entropy or cost minimization theory have been presented as flow models without a price adjustment mechanism.In the excess supply conditions existing currently in many bulk commodity markets, the producers are increasingly in the position of price-takers. This implies that, in the short run, their main decisions relate to spatial choice of markets and setting of production levels within the currently available capacity.In this paper, at the outset, a random utility theory is introduced to handle dispersion about the profit-maximising choice of markets, then, taking market prices and available production capacity as given, the equivalent mathematical optimization model is presented to deal with dispersion of production levels by suppliers. It is shown that the resultant trade model is consistent with the one derived from the random utility theory. While the model assumes that the producers in the short run set their production levels and choose their markets to maximize profits under conditions of uncertainty, the buyer regions are merely assumed to adjust prices through exogeneous demand functions to equilibrate with the quantities supplied. This Walrasian price adjustment process towards equilibrium is examined and proofs of existense, uniqueness and stability are warranted by decreasing property of the regional demand functions and the spatial supply functions derived from the the mathematical optimization framework being with a finite dispersed parameter.
日本地域学会の論文

著者

宮城俊彦
岐阜大学地域科学部

分散型空間価格均衡モデル--ワルラス均衡の存在と安定性について

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