女性・魔物・周縁 : 前イスラーム期アラブの無頼詩人サアーリークの詩における女性像の転倒

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In pre-Islamic Arabia, tribal poets were highly esteemed members of society. They played a crucial role in advocating social norms and values through their poetry, chanting of tribal heroes who embodied those values. In this context, the brigand poets called Saalik stand out prominently. Their personalities are recounted in tradition as deviants from tribal society blessed with superhuman ability, as unstoppable plunderers who lived in endless poverty: quite contrary to the ideals of the rich and high-born heroes sung of by tribal poets. In the same way, poems attributed to the Saalik show distinctive features compared with the poetic convention of their time.Since my study aims to advance S. P. Stetkevychs argument on the Saalik in order to reveal the underlying structure and meaning of their poetry through analyzing its elements in the light of “inversion” (a key notion developed by B. A. Babcock, P. Stallybrass and others), the reversed perception of women and relationship between women and the poets are focused upon in this paper.The main part of this paper analyzes the opening of Taabbata Sharrans famous poem compiled into the Mufaddaliyat, the poetic anthology of Arab classics, to see how the conventional poetic motif of the Tayf al-Khayal (demon lover) is shifted and parodied. Furthermore, the perceptions of women in the poems and anecdotes of celebrated Saalik like Abu Khirash, Urwa b. al-Ward, al-Sulayk b. al-Sulaka and al-Shanfara are examined.This paper concludes that women in Saalik poetry are characterized by independence and strength of will, verbal skill, and occasionally physical strength, and that these qualities tend to be connected with an untrustworthy, demonic nature, concealing craftiness and betrayal. This image is sharply different from the sheltered, luxurious women sung of in tribal poems, which placed special emphasis on carnal charm. As for the relationship between women and poets, Saalik maintained a constant but unstable relationship, interwoven with controversy, contrasting with the tribal poets who, after showing deep attachment, were destined to break bonds with their mistresses to prove themselves potential tribal heroes. Moreover, this paper points out that these alternative ideas and images proposed by the Saalik contain interesting ambiguity and ambivalence, and this observation might reinforce our assertion that the Saaliks inversion serves not merely to replace mainstream ideas with peripheral ones, nor heroism with antiheroism, but to threaten the boundaries between opposites and disrupt our sense of values.
社団法人日本オリエント学会の論文

女性・魔物・周縁 : 前イスラーム期アラブの無頼詩人サアーリークの詩における女性像の転倒

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