生物の行動と生長に関する適応戦略論

概要

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Organismic behavior can be regarded as adaptive strategies that maximize reproductive success. Recently behavioral ecology has been developing rapidly due to extensive application of mathematical models based on optimal control and game theory. To illustrate key concepts and techniques, several examples are reviewed: (1) Emergence pattern of butterflies is analyzed, assuming that each male chooses the optimal emergence date maximizing the number of virgin females he will capture. (2) Sex ratio pattern in frogs is analyzed, assuming each male frog chooses its schedule of sexual activity through the season. (3) Plants growth behavior is modelled as the optimal schedule of material allocation between shoot, root and reproduction. (4) Tree trunks are explained as a result of a competitive game among trees. Other examples are briefly summarized. These adaptive strategy models are complementary to mechanistic studies of biological systems.