ナノ秒極性反転パルス放電の物理と環境保全技術への応用

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This paper summarizes physical properties of pulsed streamer discharges caused by very fast polarity-reversals of an applied voltage and remarkable results of discharge treatments using the polarity-reversed voltage pulses in pollution control for exhausted gases and wasted water. The very fast polarity-reversal just after a dc voltage application is produced by direct-grounding of a charged coaxial cable because a traveling wave voltage reciprocates along the cable with a change in its polarity due to impedance mismatching between the grounding end and the coaxial cable. The inception voltage of streamer discharges in an air gap with a glass barrier subjected to the polarity-reversed pulse is much lower than that subjected to a mono-polar single pulse without the dc bias because charges accumulation on the glass surface under the dc field causes field enhancement in the air gap just after the polarity reversal. Due to the space charge effect in the discharge treatment with the polarity-reversed pulses, energy efficiency for removal of pollutants in gases, such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds produced in various manufacturing processes, can be high as compared with a classical barrier discharge treatment. Experimental results on decomposition of organic compounds in water and on inactivation of microorganisms in water are also reviewed.