スパッター法によるクラスターの研究

概要

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The sputtering technique is an useful method for investigating clusters. Positive and negative clusters are produced from solid samples by bombardment of energetic Xe ions. As the clusters have high internal energies, it is suitable for the study on dissociation mechanism. This article describes sputter ion source, detection system for very heavy clusters, characteristics of metallic and rock salt type clusters produced by sputtering, rare gas clusters from bubbles and transition from van der Waals to metallic clusters. In the chapter of metallic clusters, energy levels in a square well potential, electronic shell structures of Au, Ag, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Al clusters, dissociation of doubly charged silver clusters and super shell structure of Na and Hg clusters are described. The characteristics of rock salt type clusters, CsI and MgO are shown in chapter 5. Rare gas clusters were detected by bombarding on Al metals. When bubbles in the metal were destroyed by farther bombard, they are produced. Transition from van der Waals to metallic clusters was observed in (Hg)nCs+ and (Mn)n+ clusters.