Molecular cytogenetical effects of some mycotoxins to chromosomes of Triticum durum using RAPD-PCR fluorescence in situ hybridization

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PCR-amplified DNA using the random primer OPB-06 was used as a probe for Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Signals of hybridized sites were observed in both interphase and metaphase plates after hybridization. The FISH signals of the metaphase chromosomes were confirmed as two yellow-color signals hybridized with the probe on two adjacent loci at interphase of the control plates. FISH analysis of the metaphase plates of 25μg/ml deoxynivlenol (DON) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) treated plants revealed 85.7% and 89.3%, respectively had no signals. Of the metaphase plates of plants treated with AFB1, 3.6% had one terminal signal while 7.1% revealed two signals and no signals were observed in 89.3% plates. Regarding the interphase nuclei, only one signal was observed in 42.1% of the plates where two signals were observed in 57.8% interphase plates. 10.7% metaphase plates of plants treated with DON had one terminal signal while 3.6% exhibit two signals and no signals were observed in 85.7% plates of metaphase. 44.1% of the interphase nuclei had one signal while 53.2% plates reveal two signals and four signals were observed in 2.7% interphase nuclei. Disappearance of FISH signals in some metaphase plates of plants treated with the two investigated toxins indicates the toxigenic effect of these mycotoxins on metaphase chromosomes of wheat.