Does Sex Affect the Muscle Strength and Regional Lean Tissue Mass Response to Resistance Training in Older Adults?

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This study examined if the adaptation in muscle strength and whole body and regional lean tissue mass (LM) differs in older men (M) and women (W) subsequent to a program of high-intensity resistance exercise. Ten men and six women aged 65-78 yr underwent 20 weeks of training, twice per week, for 3 sets of 8RM for 7 upper and lower body exercises. Dynamic muscle strength was determined by 1-RM and isometric knee extensor strength by dynamometry. Lean tissue mass was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Following training, men and women exhibited significant (p<0.001) though similar increases in dynamic upper (women, 28.9±11.7%; men, 32.0±11.1%; mean±SD) and lower (W, 38.4±14.7%; M 30.3±11.7%) body strength, and isometric knee extensor strength. There was a significant time effect (p<0.001) for whole body LM (W, 0.85±0.83 kg; M, 0.70±0.70 kg), upper limb LM (W, 0.21±0.16 kg; M, 0.25±0.13 kg), lower limb LM (W, 0.38±0.42 kg; M, 0.27±0.41 kg) and trunk LM (W, 0.25±0.38 kg; M 0.18±0.34 kg), with no interaction (p=0.58-0.78). These results suggest that well-functioning older men and women show similar gains in muscle strength and whole body and regional lean tissue mass indicating comparable neuromuscular and anabolic responses accompanying resistance training.