提言米国にみる連邦およびコミュニティレベルにおけるテロ対応 : —— セキュリティ・パラドックスをめぐるソフト戦略の追求 ——

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概要

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• Ulrich Beck says the essential concept of the risk society is transformed to the world scale after 9/11. According to public polls, many people are now seriously concerned of terrorist attacks. This paper examines real circumstances from hard realism as well as community collaboration for security responses in the United States. US current policy places the high priority on countermeasures against terrorism. It is demonstrated that the US has been continuously at war. Its defense strategies have shifted to defending terrorist networks and the homeland. Total funding for homeland security has grown significantly. For 2008, government budget for homeland security has increased to $61.1 billion. A number of simulations including demonstration attack by NGO accelerated concerns of vulnerability of nuclear power plants. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) took various immediate actions to go to the highest level of security. It required nuclear power plants to verify plant design, intensify security personnel, improve emergency preparedness, enhance physical protection features and provide additional training. Security programs have been repeatedly revised. Physical security at nuclear power plants is provided by well-armed and well-trained security systems including access control to respond to 24 hours attack. The NRC is conducting force on force exercises using trained adversaries on real fighting basis. On the other aspect, this study pays attention to the unique collaborating autonomous organization on community basis, which is known as CARD (Collaborating Agencies Responding to Disaster), in a link with new concept of social capital. Anthony Giddens and Robert Putnam raised consolidation of the concept of civil society and voluntary groups in community. In this connection, this paper refers to inequality to disturb collaboration base. CARD is a typical component of autonomous social sector, which supports a cost-effective manner to build voluntary community networks. Japanese people should be aware of its responsibility to use large amount of oil, which directly connect with world risk. Such risk to be shared by the world cannot be resolved by traditional hard power only as Joseph Nye suggests. It is very important to build democratic governance and active civil society as more essential condition for ensuring security rather than force to force counter-measures. We should make efforts to shift policy balance to somewhat human security aiming at building equitable and sustainable world without being pushed aside by conventional security policy. In particular, Japan must lead to establish an international agreement to regulate arms exports.JEL Classification: H87, A14

• 日本地域学会の論文

著者

• 樹下 明

  千葉商科大学 大学院 政策研究科

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• 提言米国にみる連邦およびコミュニティレベルにおけるテロ対応 : —— セキュリティ・パラドックスをめぐるソフト戦略の追求 ——

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