流れのある室内水路における魚群行動の観察
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概要
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水路や魚道などの構造物内における魚群行動の数理モデリソクを検討するため、流れのある室内水路で魚群の遊泳行動を観察した。観察実験には5尾のタナゴを用いた。突起構造をもつ長さ100cm、幅30cmの水路区間に自由に遊泳させ、ビデオカメラで撮影した。流速は、公称値として、 0 (静水状態)、 5、 10および15cm/sを設定し、それぞれ、供試魚グループを変えて5回の繰返し観察を行った。 5分間に観察した遊泳行動を1秒ごとに読取り、これをプロットして、流速にともなう遊泳行動の変化を調べた。遊泳観察区間をよどみや流水部に応じてブロック分けし、流速による魚群の選好行動を示した。次いで、魚群半径の時間変化をまとめ、流速が増すにつれ、魚群行動が成り立たなくなることを示した。A fish schooling behavior is observed in a laboratory water flume to investigate a mathematical model describing the fish swimming in flow in hydraulic structures such as a canal and a fish-way constructed in a diversion work. Bitterlings are employed in the observation test. A group of five bitterlings is placed in shallow water in a test section 30cm in width and l00cm in length prepared in the laboratory water flume 300 cm long, and is made to swim freely. Two obstacle structures are attached on a side of the test section of the water flume to form a stagnation of water and a flowing current. The fish schooling behavior is recorded by a video camera and analyzed to determine positions of an individual fish consisting the fish schooling. The flow velocity is monitored at an entrance of the test section of the water flume. 0, 5, 10 and 15 cm/s of the velocity are selected for the observation test of the fish schooling behavior, in which 0 cm/s means no flow in the water flume. Five observations are repeated with changing the group of five bitterlings at each level of the monitored velocity of flow. The positions of the individual fish are read and digitized by 1 second interval during five minutes observation. Then these positions are plotted on an area of the test section of the laboratory water flume to show some pattern of the fish's swimming behavior. It is found from this plot that a frequency which the individual fish passes on and enters into a block divided within the test section of the water flume according to the flow pattern changes with the velocity of flow in the water flume. It is also found that, from a plot of radius defining the distributed area of the fish schooling with time, the fish schooling behavior is destroyed with increasing velocity of flow in the water flume.
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