<原著>東アフリカ半乾燥地における農耕‐牧畜複合に関する史的考察--タンザニアの大地溝帯（Eastern Rift Valley）とその周辺を事例として

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概要

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• [Synopsis] The Eastern Rift Valley is an area with complex geography and climate, which allows various ways of subsistence including hunting, gathering, cultivation, and grazing livestock. Notably, combining agriculture and pastoralism is one of the most prevailing survival strategies of the people living there. In this paper, two agro-pastoralists in this area, the Iraqw and the Gogo, are examined from the viewpoint of the agriculture-pastoralism complex. Both ethnic groups have primarily been agriculturalists, but they also attach great importance to livestock （especially cattle） which are still important means to gain women, labor, and wealth. At the same time, cattle and other livestock provide foodstuffs （milk and meat） in times of drought and famine. Unlike mixed farming in Europe, few organic relationships existed between agriculture and pastoralism. However, the economic role of livestock has gradually changed since the beginning of the colonial era, due to the expansion of commercial agriculture. Cattle had come to be used as investment capital to expand cash crop production. Thus the economy brought about a new relationship between farming and livestock keeping, which formerly were not closely linked in the household economy in Iraqw and Gogo. Today, the socioeconomic and cultural importance that livestock had in their traditional life has considerably declined in response to the diversification of sources of income and the penetration of modern lifestyles.

著者

• 鶴田 格

  近畿大学農学部国際資源管理学科

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