[原著]Study on the Estimate of the Number of Genetic Factors Responsible for Blood Sugar
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概要
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Heredity has been presumed as a major factor in the development of diabetes mellitus. The heredity of diabetes mellitus was certified by studies on familial incidence, and by the study of diabetes mellitus in twins. Refering to the above mentioned studies, one of the authors, Mimura has already reported in detail (Mimura et al 1970). If diabetes mellitus is heritable, it is necessary to determine the mode of inheritance, i.e., whether it has a monogenetic or polygenetic control mechanism. In 1962, Mimura concluded that it was difficult to explain the mode of inheritance of diabetes mellitus by a simple recessive gene or by a dominant gene, from the results of analyzing family data of diabetes mellitus. Since then, Mimura has advocated that polygenetic inheritance was the most suitable explanation for the development of the disease (Mimura et al 1964 a. , b. , 1970). Namely, Mimura pointed out that the genetic analysis of blood sugar which has been regarded and used as one of the most important and indispensable factors in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was one of the means to make clear the hereditary mechanism of diabetes mellitus. And Mimura presumed that diabetes mellitus develops due to an abnormality in the blood sugar control mechanism. If this is true, there is no theoretical contradiction, in the cases where application of the mode of blood sugar inheritance to the hereditary mechanism of diabetes mellitus is concerned. Mimura has made clear that blood sugar is a continuous character and is controlled polygenetically because of the frequency distribution of blood sugar. If the blood sugar is controlled by a polygene, it is necessary to calculate the number of gene loci. Mimura and Kodera (1973) already calculated the number of gene loci in essential hypertension by using the methods of Davenport (1910,1913) , Castle (1921) and Wright (1934). In this paper the number of gene loci in diabetes mellitus was calculated by using the methods of Castle, Wright and Furusho (1973).
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