｢世界のウチナーンチュ大会」と沖縄県系人ネットワーク（６）　－｢ウチナーンチュ」の越境的な移動の経験差と沖縄社会への対応－

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In the questionnaire survey concerning the fourth Worldwide Uchinanchu Festival; TAIKAI, Oct. 2006, the research group set the questions for the respondents about their birthplace and the currents place of residence. In this paper, current situation of the Okinawan diaspora and their relations with "Okinawa society" will be illustrated based on the results.The people who were born and currently live in the USA are the largest group of participants inthe TAIKAI. There are, however, a quarter of Okinawan participants who did not share the samebirthplace and residential place by country. In other words, they have a different experience oftrans-border migration.We can recognize four types of migration from the results. The first type is the settled migrationwhich attributed the participants to the same place between birth and residence. 54.2% of theOkinawan are assigned to this type of migration. The second type is the (domestic) internal migration,where they have only experienced moving between regions within national boundary, and the percentage is 11.0%. The third type is the maiden trans-border migration. This type is comprised of thepeople who were born in Okinawa but live outside Japan and this makes up 18.1%. The last type is therepeating trans-border migration. Okinawan descendants (4.1%) who were born and live outsideOkinawa Prefecture fall in this group. An example of this is the third generation Okinawan descendantswho were born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and live currently in Shizuoka, Japan.Regarding the migration types, Hawai'i and Sao Paulo are ascribed to the first type (settledmigration) and California is characterized as the second type (internal migration). The participantsfrom Hawai'i and California share similar features from the results of this survey, especially in termsof generation, Japanese language ability, percentage of women participants, and occupations. However,there is an apparent difference of migration type between the regions within the USA.The difference of migration types between Hawai'i and California reveals the attitude toward “Kenjin-kai” (Okinawan association) which is supported by Okinawan communities in the region.Results from the questions, although the 81.5% of participants from Hawai'i have affiliated with theKenjin-kai, the participants from California make up only 59.7% and half of them identified Hawai'i asthe birthplaces. As the same time, 76.2% of the respondents from Hawai'i regarded the Kenjin-kai works were passing on to next generations as going “very well” or “somewhat well”. Only a half of therespondents from California consider it positively. It is more important that 31.3% of the respondentsfrom California are not aware of the activities launched by the Kenjin-kai, compared with Hawai'i ofonly 5.3%. These findings imply that the Okinawan in California, through migration, have detachedthemselves and kept the social distance from Kenjin-kai.From the standpoint of the migration type, one can assume Okinawan communities in Californiaare not characterized as homogeneous as Hawai'i. It makes suggestions that these features will bereflected in the sense of the places in which embedded the experience of migrations.
琉球大学移民研究センター,Center for Migration Studies, University of the Ryukyusの論文

｢世界のウチナーンチュ大会」と沖縄県系人ネットワーク（６）　－｢ウチナーンチュ」の越境的な移動の経験差と沖縄社会への対応－

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｢世界のウチナーンチュ大会」と沖縄県系人ネットワーク（６） －｢ウチナーンチュ」の越境的な移動の経験差と沖縄社会への対応－

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｢世界のウチナーンチュ大会」と沖縄県系人ネットワーク（６）　－｢ウチナーンチュ」の越境的な移動の経験差と沖縄社会への対応－