(5)ルペルシェの教育論 : そのフランス革命における位置
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概要
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I studied the educational essays which had appeared in the period of the French Revolution as the changing period in history from feudal society to capitalistic society, from the view-point what relations they had with it and what structure they themselves had. I took up chiefly the Lepeletier's educational essay which is said by Compayre to be "an imitation with but little originality of the institutions of Lycrugus and the reveries of Plato" or to be "scarcely more than an historical curiosity." Each plan of Talleyrand and Condorcet was the educational essay with which the bourgeoisie wished to fell the feudal society or the feudal absolutism and to construct the capitalistic society or the capitalism. Each of them made the educational system which had not given education to the poor people really, and which had the intention to divide the French people into two classes, working class and bourgeoisie, and to fix them in their own class. As the last encyclopedists, they thought that it was necessary to give all the children of school age the instruction. Their intention of this was to liberate the people from feudalism and its ideologies, and to let them understand the new knowledges of developing sciences and industry, and the new property relations. Thus extending the productive forces, they tried to settle themselves as the bourgeoisie in the new society. Lepeletier's plan which had made up in January, 1793, appeared on Convention nationale in July, 1793, when the bourgeoisie had.already fallen into the reactionary force; at this time they were not the progressive force in history. It has the end to object to the accomplishment of the bourgeois principles against the bourgeoisie gaining the profits from the Revolution and to modify these principles and to regain the profits for the petty-bourgeois, that is, sans-culotte. By combining education with the material production in the "maison d'education nationale "that is, the boarding school, which guaranteed the children's right of learning really, he tried to make "un nouveau peuple" and the State consisting of petty independent producers without distance between wealth and poverty and without exploitation. He attached importance to labour as the guaranty of life of the people, so that the instruction was neglected. This meant to lose the fundamental condition necessary for promotion of production and to lower the productive forces. Consequently, in the French Revolution, Lepeletier's educational plan or essay worked to reverse the development of history from feudal to capilalistic society. But the principles of his plan contains very important meaning today.
- 教育史学会の論文
- 1967-09-30