近世後期から昭和戦前期の瀬戸内農村における死亡構造の時系列的分析 : 広島県賀茂郡中黒瀬村の寺院過去帳を事例として

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This paper aims to clarify the historical characteristics of mortality patterns in 1772-1945. In this analysis, I exploit a temple death register, Kako-cho, in Nakagurose-village in the Setouchi region and investigate the dead persons' patterns of sex, age and seasonal cycle to make clear the circumstance of those days. Many researchers have pointed out that death rates had declined after the Meiji Restoration and demographic transition had arisen. However, the case studies of the mortality pattern, especially in the agrarian societies, are very few, and many parts of the characteristics have not yet been proved. The results of this study show that the mortality pattern in the later-Edo period is characterized by the numerous deaths of infants, and the expectant and nursing mothers. This trend is similar to analyses of previous studies. However this study shows a different result in the period and the process that transformed the pattern in the later-Edo period. The symptom of transition caused in the later Meiji period. There are two factors for the change, the improvement of the circumstances surrounding infant death, and the emergence of new mortality pattern that was influenced by capitalistic economy.