近世瀬戸内農村における死亡クライシスの実態 : 広島藩領・安芸国賀茂郡黒瀬組の1寺院過去帳を分析事例として

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概要

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• This paper aims to analyze the mortality crises in the Setouchi region that occurred in the late Edo period. While it is clear that a great number of deaths, or so-called mortality crises, occurred in the late Edo period due to famine and disease, little is known about the characteristics of the mortality crises, such as the patterns of mortality according to sex, age, and seasonal cycle. As a case study of mortality crises, I investigated the temple death register (kako-cho), in the village of Kurose. In sum, the major characteristics of the mortality crises are as follows: 1) Eleven mortality crisis years occurred in 1772-1867. Mortality crises occurred frequently in the Setouchi region, even though it was one of the most developed regions of Japan, after the Kinki region. 2) In recent studies, the impact of the Tempo famine is regarded as relatively small, from the perspective of population dynamics. Although the Tempo famine was only one of the mortality crisis years, however, the impact it had on communities was severe. The Tempo famine was apparently different from other crisis years because of the high rate of adult mortality. In other crisis years, the impact on communities was limited, from the point view of the number of deaths and the age pattern of mortality. 3) All mortality crisis years in Kurose village involved disease epidemics, and the characteristics of the epidemics determined the characteristics of the mortality crisis, for instance, regarding the pattern of age, month, or sex of deaths. In addition, child mortality was always high. Therefore, if the epidemic spread to adults, the impact of the mortality crisis was considerably more severe. 4) The mortality pattern in the late Edo period is characterized by the great number of deaths of children, and this trend was observed in all mortality crisis years. I should emphasize that the number of deaths of children had a great impact on the total number of deaths in the late Edo period.

• 2005-07-30

著者

• 杉山 聖子

  広島大学大学院

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