S2 ソノルミネッセンス : 物理化学の視点から

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概要

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• Recent advances in the cavitation research urge us to take on a new picture of cavitation dynamics. Cavitation used to be regarded as a hot spot arising from adiabatic compression - a combined viewpoint of thermodynamics and hydrodynamics. However, sonoluminescence has revealed the existence of excited molecular species such as OH^* and C_2^*, suggesting that cavitation be understood with chemical processes taken into account. These species are commonly observed in flame and combustion, which can be modeled by a combined model of chemical dynamics and hydrodynamics. With the understanding that molecular aspects of cavitation are expected to become more and more important, chemical processes in the combustion are reviewed, and similarities and dissimilarities between cavitation and combustion are discussed. First, the well-known D-line emission of Na(^2P) from the injection of a NaCl solution into flame is discussed, since the same emission is also observed for the cavitation within saline water. The subtle nature of the third body, usually denoted by M, is pointed out. Tables of rate constants list those involving M, but they may be specific to the nature of combustion, and it may be misleading to adopt the values of such rate constants in the computer simulation of cavitation unless the environments are similar in the composition of chemical species. Finally, the dissociation of H_2O, one of the most fundamental elementary reactions within cavitation, is discussed on the basis of thermal and collisional excitations. In the former model, the dissociation is a result of thermal excitation of asymmetric stretching of H_2O. The latter dissociation model may have relevance to unimolecular reactions. It may also be characterized by an activated complex H_2O…M if M is a water molecule. To conclude, cavitation research will benefit from a close cooperation with conbustion science and quantum chemistry.

• 日本ソノケミストリー学会の論文
• 2005-10-14

著者

• 林 茂雄

  電通大量子・物質工

• 林 茂雄

  電通大量子・物質工学科

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