4 中国における最低生活保障制度の問題と改善の方向性(III 投稿論文)
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
China began implementing economic reforms in 1978, and creation of a socialist market economy was formally proposed as an aim of economic reform in 1993. The social market economy aims to make all citizens prosperous, but in reality the disparities between the rich and the poor have grown larger. For a long time, poverty in China was commonly regarded as a rural issue, but with the accelerated reform of State-Owned Enterprises, the number of poor people in urban areas began increasing in the latter half of the 1990s. Because of this situation, the Minimal Living Security Scheme was promulgated in 1999. This paper will focus on the following issues. First, the Minimal Living Security Scheme, which supports a minimum standard of living, is explained and the present situation is described. The guaranteed standards of different provinces are compared, and the current minimum living standard guarantees in China are shown to be too low to effectively guarantee basic living requirements. In other words, the guaranteed standards are not sufficient to support physical existence. Moreover, according to several surveys, it is certain that the urban poor who received social assistance from the Minimal Living Security Scheme did not receive enough money to live on. Second, the income and expenditures of urban households are analyzed to show the details and point out the problems of the urban poor. It is shown that expenditures for utilities, education and social insurance fees have become a large burden for the urban poor. Further, the income gap has a strong impact on lifestyle; as a result, the urban poor have to subsist at a level much below the average. This means it is necessary to reduce these expenditures in view of the national minimum livelihood level in China. Since 1986, the social security system in China has been reformed by establishing old age, unemployment and medical insurance systems. But given the increasing number of urban poor and also the existence of a large number of rural poor, it can be said that China should place emphasis on a public assistance system such as the Minimal Living Security Scheme. And the system as such should be reconsidered and expanded. First of all, as shown above, the guaranteed standard of the Minimal Living Security Scheme is insufficient and should therefore be raised.
- 社会政策学会の論文
- 2007-03-31