2 米国自動車産業の労使協調がもたらす労使関係の集権化と分権化(テーマ別分科会5=米韓自動車産業の労使関係,II テーマ別分科会=報告論文と座長報告)
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概要
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This paper examines the transformation of industrial relations within the U.S. automotive industry, focusing on the evolution of the historically adversarial model into a cooperation-based approach to labor-management relations. During the New Deal era, the federal government began supporting the collective bargaining process, a development which put labor unions on equal footing with employers for the first time. As a result, labor's share of corporate success increased in the form of improved wages, conditions, and benefits, ultimately stimulating economic activity in the U.S. marketplace. Around 1950, a new three-tiered structure of industrial relations was introduced and nearly fully realized. This three-tiered structure was comprised of a strategy level on an industry-wide basis, a collective bargaining level on both an industry wide basis and a company basis, and a work place level on a plant or an office basis. At that time, the power relationships within these three levels were balanced. However, in recent years, these dynamics have been altered due to (1) the loss of union power due to a declining rate of organization, (2) the emergence of a non-union industrial relations system, (3) the use of human resource management or low-wage strategies, and (4) changes in marketplace competition due to increased globalization. Under these new circumstances, the cooperative labor-management model's goal of attaining competitive levels of productivity and quality, for both the labor union and management, has become more important than the objective of continuing traditional industrial relations. Within the automotive industry, there are some patterns of labor-management cooperation unique to each company's management style. Daimler Chrysler and General Motors have taken different approaches in their efforts to transform industrial relations and rebalance power within the three-tiered structure. Such examples illustrate not only the possibility of the labor union's recovery, but also its limits and contradictions.
- 社会政策学会の論文
- 2007-09-30