4 東アジアにおける公的年金制度改革の比較(I 共通論題=東アジアの経済発展と社会政策)
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概要
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This is a comparative study regarding the purposes and contents of public pension reforms among the East Asian countries of China, Korea, and Japan. For the purposes of reform, the three nations, with varying degrees of maturity, are compared in terms of universal coverage, the adequacy of benefits, fiscal security (sustainability), and modernization. To examine the nature of pension reforms, a framework of four ways of spreading-out in social policy-penetration, imposition, harmonization, diffusion-is utilized to examine how each nation assimilated experiences from other countries. Diffusion was seen as the most common way of expansion in pension reforms while under conditions of globalization harmonization and diffusion have became the more prevalent methods. East Asian countries face the usual challenges of fiscal security, intergenerational equity, diversifying need (i.e., women's rights to benefits), and public distrust, but each nation pursued its own objectives based upon its years of maturity. China, which started its reforms in the 1990s, has as its primary goal universal coverage followed by fiscal viability. Korea is, above all, seeking financial stability in its system, juggling between the adequacy of benefits and their sustainability. More mature than those two countries is Japan, which is, however, beginning to see the possibility of modernizing its pension system while pursuing fiscal stability as the primary objective. The increase in the number of part-time workers and in public distrust of the pension system are still prevalent in these three countries. Sound and proper measures have not yet been developed to deal with demands for more fundamental reforms.
- 社会政策学会の論文
- 2007-09-30