キャンベラにおける都市開発と住民運動

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This paper attempts to examine political actions in Canberra, relating them to its urban development, The examination has revealed the following.(1) To cope with the population increase in Canberra, it has been argued that the choice lies between forming new residential districts in the surrounding rural areas or intensification of densities at existing population centres. Whether the National Capital Development Commission (NCDC, the central government agency in charge of development in Canberra) adopts a conventional dispersed settlement plan or a concentrated settlement plan, it cannot carry forward prospective development plans without causing undesirable consequences to some residents in established areas.(2) Canberra nowadays. consists of three areas in terms of their stages of development. They are developing areas, established areas, and redeveloping areas. Residents often take political action in the developing areas and redeveloping areas. While political action groups in the developing areas assume a form of "prevention" of development, ones in the redeveloping areas aim at "promotion" of development.(3) When serious social problems emerge in Canberra, leaders organise a new political action group, or reactivate a group which was organised in the past for political actions. Leaders of political action groups do not use other groups to mobilise residents. Because people are not so integrated in their residential areas, it is more difficult in Canberra to mobilise people to political actions than in urban Japan. Residents in Canbera join political action groups only when issues seriously threaten their lifestyles. This can explain why political actions often occur in developing areas and redeveloping areas, where many serious issues emerge.(4) Canberra nowadays is composed mainly of middle or upper middle class people. Because of their high socio-economic status, people often organise "pre-prevention types" of political action.(5) A city has an inclination to centralisation as a result of economic competition. In defiance of this force, the NCDC constructed the four "towns" in Canberra with the intention of decentralising the city.Because the NCDC was not able to resist pressure from the private sector, the redevelopment of Civic (the town centre of Inner Canberra) commenced and Canberra has begun to become a more centralised city. The failure of the NCDC's decentralisation plan may point to a limitation of urban planning. A city reveals its real character, even though urban planners attempt to inhibit it from appearing.
オーストラリア学会の論文
1993-12-25

著者

野辺政雄
岡山大学教育学部

キャンベラにおける都市開発と住民運動

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