天文史料を使って『史記』の「六国年表」を検証する
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概要
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The "Shih Chi" or the Historical Memoirs written by Ssuma Ch'ien in the decade preceding B. C. 90 contains in its Chronicles and Tables of Events astronomical records from the seventh century B. C. to just before the third B. C.. The present paper gives chronological examinations of the time tables during the period of Liu Kuo Nien Piao or of the Six Kingdoms (476 B. C. to 207 B. C.) by means of astronomical notes such as solar eclipses, configurations of planets et al. in the tables and chronicles. Some discrepancies between the records and calculations are uncovered. For example, ten solar eclipses were carefully examined not only by comparing with Oppolzer's Canon but also by computing local circumstances of respective eclipses. Results show that only four of the ten recorded eclipses meet calculations. Another example is a record such that Mars stood still in the neighborhood of a Scorpii during the 36th year of the First Emperor of Chin. The Table gives 211 B. C. for the year of the event. Calculation proves, however, that the event should have occurred in a period from March 11 to June 5, 210 B. C.. This shows that the table is in error by one year at the above-noted time. These poor chronological coincidences may reflect the controversy during the period of the Warring Kingdoms in ancient China. Analysis of the context shows that main sources of errors exist in how to count the last year of the late king's reign and the year of the new king's enthronement. These considerations make most of the discrepancies vanish and coincide with the astronomical records. Thus, it is concluded that the time tables should be revised in the following way. (1) The table should read one year older during the fifth century B. C.. (2) No revision is needed during the fourth century B. C.. (3) It should read one year younger for the years before 250 B. C.. (4) It should read one year older for the years after 250 B. C.. (5) No correction is needed for the years after 206 B. C. down to the present. The newly revised table and the old one are displayed in Table 3.
- 日本科学史学会の論文
- 1986-05-15