部落有林が存続した行政村の存在形態 : 大正・昭和戦前期長野県下伊那郡清内路村の事例
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概要
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This paper alanezes the functioning of an "administrative village" from roughly the 1910s through the 1930s. Previous studies have spelled out the stages by which hamlets were functinally integrated into administrative villages and the process by which model villages were formed. These studies advanced the hypothesis that administrative villages can be classified into three types: model villages, cooperative villages, and villages that were hard to administer. This study examines the third type. It is based on a critical application of Takeshi Ishida and Takemaro Mori's theories concerning the rural regeneration movement and seeks to apply the fruits of research on rural sociology to the area of research on administrative villages. It is a case study of Seinaiji Village in Nagano Prefecture. First, it examines the management of the hamlet and the administrative village. Seinaiji was a case of weak village integration and manifest confrontation among the hamlets, because of the hamlets' preservation of their respective common forest lands. Nevertheless, it is also an example of hamlet's resolving their problems through consensus decision-making among themselves based on an established set of rules, rather than by relying on landlord intervention from above. In other words, though Seinaiji would generally be classified as "difficult to administer" at the administrative-village level, at the hamlet level, it was a "democratic" society. Second, this paper examines the rural policy enforcement process in the village. All common forests were in principal brought into administrative-village possession during the Taisho period in accordance with central and prefectural government policy, but in reality they remained hamlet lands. THe hamlets used them to combat poverty during the great depression of the 1930s. This had limited effect, however, and the forests were utterly devastated in the process. The prefectural government accordingly intervened in the administration of Seinaiji and imposed the "rural regeneration movement" on the village. Many villagers ultimately became emigrants to Manchuria as a result of this policy.
- 2014-01-30
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- 部落有林が存続した行政村の存在形態 : 大正・昭和戦前期長野県下伊那郡清内路村の事例
- 一〇 戦後(近現代,日本,二〇〇七年の歴史学界-回顧と展望-)