Talun-Huma, Swidden Agriculture, and Rural Economy in West Java, Indonesia

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Talun-huma is an intensified land use system for swidden agriculture in Indonesia.Talun is a productive fallow system that is meaningful from ecological, social, andeconomic perspectives. Although it is considered a typical practice in West Java,this study proves that the term talun was used in many places in Indonesia besidesWest Java during colonial times.This study also shows that talun-huma and agroforestry practice in the surveyedvillage is closely linked to the socioeconomic structure of the rural society based onthe data collected in 2000–1. Huma is more likely to be practiced by the lower strataowning little agricultural and forestry land. The economic development reflectedin the growth of banana leaf production and income from the non- agricultural sectorincome has not excluded or diminished talun-huma and agro forestry practices.Sharecropping practices and agricultural labor relations among the villagers haveestablished huma practice. The social forestry program implemented in this regionalso supports the continuity of huma practice. Increase in banana leaf productiondoes not diminish the practice of huma and talun agro forestry, although banana leafproduction tends to shorten the duration of the cycle. Moreover, the developmentof non-agricultural sectors and wet rice cultivation has had a positive impact on theexistence of huma practices and the continuation of slash-and-burn practices.Talun-huma and permanent forests with or without talun are good practicesthat keep the system sustainable from an economic and social point of view. Diversifiedfarming, balanced rotation of land use, and diversity of plants, as well as theplanting of leguminous land conservation trees such as kaliandra and gamal, playan important role in sustaining the system.The introduction of banana leaf plants to the village in the 1990s has contributedsignificantly to the continuity of the system because the plants are a considerablesource of income for villagers, both as farmers and as agricultural laborers. Theycan rely on the income from the hilly dry land. A problem that might, however,become serious in the near future is that banana leaf planting shortens the durationof the cycle and may render the land infertile.
2013-08-22

Talun-Huma, Swidden Agriculture, and Rural Economy in West Java, Indonesia

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