独立前インドにおける後進諸階級の教育上の保護 : イギリス分割統治政策との関連に着目して(VI 研究報告)
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
The purpose of this paper is to discuss educational protection for backward classes in Pre-Independent India, focusing on the relation of the British 'Divide and Rule' policy. In Post-Independent India, many protective educational policies are in force on a large scale, the prototypes of which were formulated in Pre-Independent India under the rule of the United Kingdom. In spite of these educational protections since Pre-Independence, the gap in the percentage of school attendance between the general population and scheduled castes has not been closed. The Constitution of the Indian Republic explains that the gap should be filled by special attention to weaker sections of the nation. In this paper, I attempt two examinations of the following hypotheses: (1) Though The Wood's Despatch in 1854 is treated as a big turning point from Filtration Theory to Mass Educational Policy, the era when British rulers took the educational opportunites of Scheduled Caste into consideration is the latter Nineteenth Century. (2) The reason why British rulers took educational protections for Scheduled Castes concerns British 'Divide and Rule' Policy, which started in the latter part of the nineteenth century. These two hypotheses were examined through case studies of educational activity of Jotirao Phule, the Dharwar case, Separate Schools for Lower Castes, and British 'Divide and Rule' Policy. Before Wood's Despatch (1854), the East India Company gave some special assistance to Special Schools established by Jotirao Phule. It is enough to change our understanding of Wood's Despatch as a big turning point from Filtration Theory to Mass Educational Policy. The Dharwar case is a symbolic case where the British ruler denied an application of an untouchable boy after Wood's Despatch. After this case, the Government said that the educational institutions of Government are intended to be open to all classes, but practical enforcement has had great difficulty. By this verdict, Government schools continued the negative attitude towards admission of untouchable boys, so a few Separate Schools were established. The British 'Divide and Rule' policy effected Educational Protection for untouchables from the latter Nineteenth Century. These two policies corresponded in time and purpose. Through this historical research, the two above-mentioned hypotheses are proved. From this study, I found that the study of meanings of educational problems in Pre-Independent India needs a careful and elaborate analysis of the character of the system. My next chief theme is to make clear the functions of Protective Educational Systems in Post-Independent India.
- 日本教育行政学会の論文
- 1994-10-01