《フランス》地方分権化時代の教育財政の構造と動向(III 各国の教育財政)
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概要
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Written from a macro-economic point of view, this study describes structures and trends in educational finance in France under the recent policy of decentralization. Because of the characteristics of the French budgetary system-'interventionnisme' into non-governmental sectors, according to R. Muzellec-and of France's statistical trends since the introduction of the new SNA in 1976, educational finance is here treated as a satellite account of the overall national accounts. Seen from the point of view of the final financers (those bearing the final cost), national educational expenditure for 1984 is broken down as follows; state (central government) 67%, local public authorities 17%, private enterprises 5%, and households 11%. The ratios of national educational expenditure to GDP during the latest decade for which statistics are available, 1974 to 1984, show that those during the Conservative Giscard d' Estaing's septenary (1974-81) are much lower than those during the Socialist Mitterrand's septenary (1981- ): 6.5-6.7% for the former compared to 6.8-7.1% for the latter. This financial data bears out the lack of success of the Haby Reform in Primary and secondary education from 1977 to 1981. Regarding the calculation of national educational expenditure, while costs borne by the state were easily obtained, those borne by local authorities, private enterprises and households were quite difficult to calculate, and we owe the figures to some French economists such as IREDU scientists, Odile Carrere, George Cazenave, Serge Peano, Sylvaine Pean, etc. Some new trends in French educational finance were found in the 1980s under the Mitterrand government. Firstly, owing to the two laws of 1982 and 1983 concerning decentralization, the proportion taken by each public financing body-the state, the region, the departement and the commune-has changed. Secondly, against the background of educational policy being declared a priority by the Rocard cabinet of the 2nd Mitterrand government, a very large amount of the state budget has been earmarked for the coming Jospin Reform, which aims at making 80 percent of the age population baccalaureates as well as at a broad improvement in teachers' salaries. It is true that a significant number of communes, which generally bear on their own accounts many supplementary expenses for every big national program, are suffering financial difficulties, but the socialists' policies of decentralization and educational reforms aimed at the 21st century are likely to continue hereafter.
- 日本教育行政学会の論文
- 1989-10-05