微細藻類シュードコリシスチス・エリプソイディアによるバイオ燃料の生産(<特集>水生・海洋バイオマスの生産および燃料への転換技術の開発現状と展望)

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Almost all biofuels are produced from food crops, therefore increased consumption of biofuels happens to compete with food supply and causes a sharp rise in food prices. Microalgae are recognized as a promising candidate for the second generation biofuels thesedays. The main advantages of the microalgae are as follows: i) they have a higher biomass yield compared with terrestrial plants, ii) they do not compete with the crops because they can be cultivated on non-arable land, iii) they do not cause tropical rainforest destruction, and iv) they can be stably produced throughout the year. Recent economic analysis on algae-based biofuels production have revealed that the most effective points for economic improvement were i) decrease in construction cost of bioreactor, ii) increase in biomass productivity and iii) increase in added value of by-products. Pseudochoricystis ellipsoidea is a highly lipid accumulating unicellular green alga, and has some advantages in biofuels production. For example, the C/N ratio of the cellsis relatively high (fertilizer cost is low), and this alga is acid-resistant (the contamination possibility is low). Under acidic conditions, P. ellipsoidea was able to grow semi-continuously in outdoor raceway ponds for 38 days without any contamination. A low chlorophyll mutant of this alga was isolated, and the mutant showed 39% increase in biomass productivity. This suggests that excess amount of chlorophyll reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis.
2012-11-20

微細藻類シュードコリシスチス・エリプソイディアによるバイオ燃料の生産(<特集>水生・海洋バイオマスの生産および燃料への転換技術の開発現状と展望)

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