単細胞緑藻Pseudochoricystis ellipsoideaの遺伝子改変(<特集>バイオリファイナリーにおけるバイオテクノロジーI)

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概要

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• Fossil fuels are finite resources and the use of them causes the greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere which results in a global warming. The production and consumption of renewable fuels including algae-based biofuels have a potential to improve energy security and to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. The algae-based biofuels have many advantages over other types of fuels; algae shows efficient carbon fixation ability, superior growth rates, and the capacity to use non-arable lands. Pseudochoricystis ellipsoidea is a unicellular green alga that accumulates triacylglycerols, which are energy-rich compounds and are easily converted into fuels, within cells. The total lipid content in the alga reached up to 30%(w/w) or more under nitrogen-starvation conditions. This strain could be cultivated in open ponds under acidic conditions (pH3.0-4.0) without any interference by other algae and protozoa. Thus, P. ellipsoidea could be a potential source of renewable and carbon-neutral biofuels. However, it is necessary to reduce production cost of fuels by this alga for the establishment of practical fuel production process. Improvement of oil productivity would be the one solution for cost reduction. Some useful phenotypic traits were obtained independently by drug-induced mutations, and then we aim to integrate these traits into one strain of P. ellipsoidea by genetic modification. In this study, we show the improvement of transformation efficiency of biolistic bombardment process. In addition, we isolated several mutants synthesizing lower amount of antenna chlorophyll than the wild-type strain by genome editing technologies.

• 2014-05-20

著者

• 藏野 憲秀

  (株)デンソー

• 原山 重明

  中央大学理工

• 福田 裕章

  (株)デンソー 機能材料研究部バイオ材料研究室

• 藏野 憲秀

  (株)デンソー基礎研究所

• 吉満 勇也

  (株)デンソー基礎研究所

• 今村 壮輔

  東京工業大学資源化学研究所

• 原山 重明

  中央大学理工学部

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• 3Fp10 微細藻類によるバイオ燃料生産の課題(多様なバイオディーゼル燃料がポスト化石燃料時代の地球に果たす役割,シンポジウム)
• 単細胞緑藻Pseudochoricystis ellipsoideaの遺伝子改変(バイオリファイナリーにおけるバイオテクノロジーI)
• 微細藻類シュードコリシスチス・エリプソイディアによるバイオ燃料の生産

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