「学制」以前に設立された「郷学」における中等教育レベルの教育課程の構想
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概要
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This paper describes curriculum in secondary-level education of "Gogaku" (domain schools) in the early days of the Meiji era. In previous studies, the curriculum of Gogaku considers their transition to Shogakko (elementary schools) founded by the Gakusei (Meiji Education System Order) and their undeveloped curriculum. Therefore, this paper analyzes the nature of Gogaku curriculum and more importantly the transition of that curriculum with the conversion from Gogaku to Shogakko under the Gakusei. This paper analyses the transition of curriculum of Togan Gogakko (a variant term for Gogaku) from 1871 to 1873 by using sources including records that reveal textbook selection and purchase, as well as Togan Gogakko's use of Ishii Saburohyoe Ke Monjo (House Rules of Ishii Saburohyoe), currently housed in the Yokosuka Central Library. Togan Gogakko was established in Uraga, Kanagawa Prefecture, in 1871 by Uraga residents, particularly merchants. This paper then analyzes the level curriculum, the level of elementary education and the level of secondary education, comparing it all to Gogaku Kari Kisoku, a Kanagawa Prefectural policy for Gogaku curriculum, and to Shogakusho Kagyohyo, a Ministry of Education curriculum table that was the basis of the Gakusei. In tracing the transition of curriculum in Togan Gogakko, the following two points are revealed: First, Togan Gogakko was founded as an institute of higher learning to encourage its students, regardless of status, to cultivate their own will, good human life, and a peaceful nation through human collaboration. Togan Gogakko offered an opportunity of higher learning to those who had not had such opportunity. It enriched its curriculum employing excellent teachers, enriching textbooks, and by preparing students for opportunities for more advanced learning. Second, the secondary education curriculum in Togan Gogakko was unique, unlike the vision of education created by Kanagawa Prefecture or the Ministry of Education. However, the content of the secondary education level was separated and was not part of the Shogakko transition. The visions of Kanagawa Prefecture and Ministry of Education systems restricted opportunities for more advanced learning and content to select students; while Gogaku was open to all students as an elementary school, its vision was to prepare students for opportunities of more advanced learning as well as opportunities for basic education.
- 2010-10-01
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