バイオマスのガス化触媒(<特集>ガス化プロセス)
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概要
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Renewable energy resource such as a biomass has recently been focused as an alternative energy resource of oil and natural gas since biomass is carbon neutral material. Gasification of biomass provides a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, water, and small amounts of methane and higher hydrocarbons. Variable amounts of ash particles, volatile alkali metals and tar contained in flue gas also emit from biomass gasifier. As the condensable compounds present in tar might cause problems such as pipe plugging, damage for power generation system, reduction of overall efficiency and cold gas efficiency, and fouling of bed material, tar removal technology should be developed. In the present paper, the kinds and the amounts of tar present in flue gas from biomass gasifier are firstly shown, and then the proposed mechanisms of tar formation from lignin and cellulose contents in biomass are displayed. Although this paper also provides the information that some of fluidized bed material in a gasifier has a catalytic effect for tar elimination, the most suitable way for tar removal seems to use excellent catalyst in the secondary fix-bed reactor. Many research groups in the world reported a lot of catalysts as candidates for tar removal, thus some representative catalysts are introduced in this manuscript. Especially, Ni-based catalysts and Fe-based catalysts are focused because these active metals are much cheaper than precious metals. Finally, the properties needed to the catalyst for tar removal are clarified, and make some summary for this general remark.
- 2012-09-20
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