Soil Characteristics under Rehabilitation of Degraded Forestland in Perak, Peninsular Malaysia

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Rehabilitation of tropical rainforest on degraded forestland requires sufficient knowledge of soils. However, in Malaysia, the empirical data of soil properties on degraded forestland under rehabilitation are still lacking, In order to get fundamental information for evaluating the performance of rehabilitation program under various planting techniques on such degraded forestland, firstly, soil profiles of the planted forest of degraded forestland and adjacent natural forest need to be investigated. This study was conducted to elucidate the soil morphology, mineralogical and physico-chemical properties of degraded forestland under rehabilitation in two major forest types at Bukit Kinta and Chikus forest reserves in Perak, Peninsular Malaysia, representing hill and lowland dipterocarp forests, respectively. Shorea leprosula and Shorea parvifolia were planted at both sites. At the Bukit Kinta site, three soil profiles were prepared at two planted forests and one natural forest of hill-dipterocarp. At Chikus site, three soil profiles were examined under one planted forest, one mixed plantation with Acacia mangium and one natural forest of lowland dipterocarp. The soils at Bukit Kinta were derived from granite and showed clayey texture, while those in the Chikus showed relatively sandy texture resulting from their sandy parent materials and fluvial deposits. Soil profiles at Bukit Kinta were relatively uniform, while those in the Chikus site were greatly fluctuated upon micro-topography including water stagnant condition during rainy season. Based on the mineralogical and charge characteristics, the soils in the planted forests and natural forest in both study sites were strongly weathered but had not yet reached the ultimately weathered phase. The clay mineral composition was dominated by kaolin minerals (Bukit Kinta) and gibbsite (Chikus), with almost devoid of 2:1 type clay mineral, while both Al and Fe oxides were low. The soils in both sites were acidic due to the presence of a high amount of exchangeable Al which concomitantly increased the level of Al saturation. The variable negative charges derived from organic matter can potentially play an important role in cation retention, but its contribution under field conditions on the study sites were relatively small due to strongly acidic conditions. The plantation of the trees for rehabilitation (12 and 14-year old) could not sufficiently restore the soil organic matter to the same level as that of the natural forest caused by disturbance preceding the project. It can be concluded that the fertility status of the soils at planted forests were generally lower as compared to the natural forest in both study sites.
2007-12-31

Soil Characteristics under Rehabilitation of Degraded Forestland in Perak, Peninsular Malaysia

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