The Current Situation of Hungarian Forest Management, with Special Emphasis on the Recent Changes in Forest Ownership

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The recent transformation of the structure of forest ownership in Hungary, generated by the social and economic changes of the early 1990's, presented a brand-new operational environment for forest management. The main problems raised by the privatization of forestland are briefly as follows: 1. The number of forest owners and forest managers has become very high, laying a heavy burden on forestry authority and forestry policy. 2. The average size of the management units in the private sector has become very small, making yield regulation and sustainable forest management difficult. 3. Not only did the management units become smaller, but also, in many cases, forest areas belonging to the same owner are separated from each other. Forest management on these areas is inefficient and costly. 4. The majority of new owners, though the descendants of the original owners who managed the forests before the Second World War, lack experience and skills in forest-related activities, and therefore the assistance of forestry professionals is necessary, which increases costs. 5. A considerable proportion of forest owners are unwilling to co-operate with each other. 6. The number of absentee owners is high. 7. In state-owned forests, the marginal, degraded and poor quality stands were often (not always) privatized. 8. The forest stands' natural and structural endowments in the private sector are less advantageous for forestry than in state forests. 9. Finally, the nearly insurmountable task of management planning and supervision of private forests presses heavily on the shoulders of one single organization-namely, the State Forestry Service. In order to deal with the problems enumerated above, some measures have already been taken. Some of them were manifested as legal regulations under the framework of the Forestry Law (1996) and its enacting clause (1997). One example is the wide range of government subsidies, which are to support private forest management (especially joint management) and ecological interests in forestry. Others were carried out at the level of forest management policy, in accordance with the regulations of the new law. These involved changes in the areas of registration and supervision of private owners, the structure of management planning policy and the National Forestry Database. As might be expected, the adjustment of Hungarian forestry policy to the new working environment is a gradual progress. There is still a long way to go before we know whether the changes at the legal and professional level will prove appropriate or not. As a future consideration, the importance of communication and cooperation with the forest owners and the local populace, public participation in planning and decision-making, and the improvement of public relations policy must be emphasized.
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The Current Situation of Hungarian Forest Management, with Special Emphasis on the Recent Changes in Forest Ownership

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