(書評)文化相対化の一ステップ 『ハイブリッドな子供たち』宮迫千鶴著
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概要
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The first wave of women's liberation movement which has been going on since the 19th century is a human right movement the aim of which is to gain the same rights that men have. In contrast with the first wave, the goal of the second one which began in the 1960's is self-realization not only for elite women but for ordinary women, on the daily level. Then, the myth of sex differences has become one of the obstacles for women's liberation. In this situation, the studies of sex differences were carried out in the 70's, which incorporated the achievements done in the fields of sexology and anthropology respectively. And we've come to understand that sex differences are made much more through the social and cultural factors rather than through biological differences. However, there still remains a difference of reproductive function which only women innately have. Then around the concept of motherhood two different viewpoints have grown in the feminism. The first is represented by Germaine Greer who claims to accept the maternal function for women, and is prevailing in the Japanese movement for women's liberation. This viewpoint insists that the acceptance of such a sex as reproduction of life illuminates the distortion of the present male-oriented society,and will make itself a force to change the society. The second is represented by Shulamith Firestone who denies the maternal function in woman's body and sex differences themselves. She insists that since women are discriminated while they innately have maternal function, the artificial reproduction should be developed to alienate it out of woman's body. This notion is also found in Simone de Beauvoir's works as a germinating thought, and now advocated by Elisabe^^'the Badinter. Since the first baby was born in vitro fertilization in England in 1983, reproductive technologies have rapidly grown, the improvement of breeding of human beings becomes possible which is related to genetic engineering. Furthermore, technologies related with the "test-tube baby"are used in Japan by the old ideology to keep the iye(traditional institution of family) and the patriarchal breeding. Facing these threatening situations, we have to find the alternative way of thinking which integrates both feminism and ecology, and does not endanger both human right and dignity of life.
- 神戸女学院大学の論文